| |
NOTES TO THE PRESENTER OF
THIS PROGRAM
From Rita Gormley
Region 18 Assistant RVP
10606 Timber Ridge Street
Dubuque, IA 52001-8248
GormleyGreenery@gmail.com
November 8, 2001
You are most welcome to use any and all of
these materials to give a local program. Most of the specifics
were gathered from the items mentioned in the Bibliography.
The chart is my own condensation of this information.
These are my suggestions to you when presenting
this program to local gardening groups:
1. Change the first three paragraphs to suit
your personal credentials.
2. Take EMPTY CONTAINER samples of items
to make the point of reading labels-household cleaners (CLOROX CLEAN-UP), repellents (OFF), and
common garden chemicals (PREEN or ROUNDUP).
3. Make enough copies of the two Charts,
and the two handout pages for all attending.
GARDEN CHEMICAL SAFETY & GARDEN HEALTH
4. Make a few copies of the Bibliography
to give to those who are REALLY INTERESTED in the sources
or further information on the searchable web sites. This
complete program will be available to all through the AIS
Region 18 website at http://www.region18.com so
you can refer them to that resource.
5. It’s a dry subject so take bells,
props, graphic pictures of iris borers, bugs, predators
etc., to pass around and keep people awake. For my presentation,
my husband dressed (exaggerately) in goggles, chemical
mask, gloves, hat, while carrying a bar of Fels Naptha
Soap and sprayer.
6. This also is a topic where there is an "overload" of
information AND it changes daily, especially in the "Fact
Sheet" area. Many articles recommend Brand Names that
are no longer on the market (canceled shown in red) or
too toxic (Class I or II) for me to recommend.
|
Chart
#1
|
Handouts
|
Chart
#2
|
|
|
Each
of these Charts are thumb nailed. Clicking
on the thumb nail will link you to the larger picture. You
may then "Save As" the Chart.
|
|
Although
a lot of the information in these two Charts are available,
they are incomplete.
For a more extensive chart, please contact the original
presenter of this Program, requesting the chart information
- Rita Gormley GormleyGreenery@aol.com
|
My
credentials for this report are merely those of an enthusiastic
gardener who is trying to garden safely both for the environment
and myself. I inherited a troublesome shin condition that
limits my exposure to most chemicals including soaps and
detergents. In the course of dealing with garden pests
and diseases, I have consulted many of my "expert" friends
and acquaintances about what they use to deal with "garden
yuckies" and found a great deal of disparity among
methods. I then went to a variety of published sources
to increase my understanding of health hazards involved
with many of the "popular" chemicals and mixes
and what the alternative might be.
I want
to share with you what I found and although I have some
handouts citing sources and very professional sounding
names and information, I again want you to realize I am
NOT a toxicologist nor a chemist, just an interested gardener
with probably too much information to process. My findings
make sense to MY gardening habit and view of ecology but
may not suit YOUR view of the overall scheme of things.
I am sure you will not necessarily agree with all of my "works
for me" conclusions, or perhaps even some of them.
I am sure, however, you will agree that an informed gardener
is a safer gardener.
DISCLAIMER:
Each of the sources I have used for this program issues a
disclaimer that basically says: The author has made
every attempt to provide up-to-date, scientific information
for the novice to solve …. pest control problems.
The author and publisher are in no way responsible
for the application or use of the chemical mentions ….
Accuracy or adequacy of any of the information present
… and is not endorsing those companies or products
listed. I too wish to add the same sort of disclaimer. The
information I am providing in the program and handouts is
accurate to the best of my knowledge and I am merely expressing
my view points to conclusions based on information provided
by others.
1. TO
AVOID PESTS AND DISEASES:
-
 |
Keep
your garden clean
– not only will the garden look better, hiding
places for insects and disease will be removed. Crowded
plants promote disease. Dispose of garden debris
by burning, if possible. Do not compost!
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-
|
Make
sure the garden gets plenty of sun – trim
back tree branches and let the sun dry up and sanitize
dark spots where "bad things" grow.
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-
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Plant
the right plant in the right spot.
|
|
Take
time to amend soil for bearded iris to promote
drainage and combat rot.
|
-
|
Have
soil tested for balanced fertility and pH. Strong
plants are more disease resistant.
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2. IDENTIFY
YOUR ENEMY!!
-
|
Learn
more about the pests/disease you are attempting
to control by reviewing publications which discuss
identification, biology and control strategies.
There is a wealth of information readily available
both printed and on the Internet.
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3. THINK BEFORE
USING PESTICIDES AND HERBICIDES
-
|
Pesticides
and herbicides are not always an appropriate choice.
|
|
More
is not better or legal – apply only as directed
on label
|
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All
pesticides are poisonous! Learn how to read the
label and apply safely.
|
4. UNDERSTAND
YOUR PESTICIDE PRODUCT
-
|
A
pesticide is any product that makes a claim to
kill or repel pests including insects, rodents,
slugs, birds, rabbits, weeds or brush, molds, bacteria
and viruses.
|
|
EPA
Reg. No. on the label means this product IS a pesticide,
including household cleaners (check the labels
on your favorite home products-cleaners, insect
repellents, disinfectants, etc.)
|
|
READ
THE LABEL!! It MUST provide information on all
active ingredients, application, safety, storage
and disposal.
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|
Know
the hazards (Environmental toxicity statement)
and longevity of the active ingredients (some dissipate
quickly into component parts, others remain unchanged
in the soil). Check out the main active ingredient.
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5. CONSIDER
ALTERNATIVE TO PESTICIDES
-
|
A
learned gardener friend, a published author, magazines,
bulletins are forever suggesting new (and sometimes
old) methods that work for any problem.
|
|
Keep
a folder or binder on different methods for each
problem to check the effectiveness in your own
garden. Current gardening wisdom on plant health
is simple. Healthy plants seldom have severe problems
with pests and disease.
|
1. Read
and follow instructions on labels carefully (more is NOT
better!)
2. Wear protective clothing including gloves and long
sleeves and pants to minimize absorption of chemicals by the
largest organ in the body – the SKIN – and a
mask when dealing with chemicals that should not be inhaled.
3. Wash
your body and clothes upon completion of application.
4. Do
NOT use chemicals near children, pets, food or pet food
containers, water, ponds or fish tanks or children’s
toys.
5. Store
all chemicals in their original containers with labels
attached in a safe place, out of reach by children or animals
and write the date of purchase on the container.
6. Dispose
of all chemicals and containers according to label instructions.
7. Know
the name of the active ingredients and the telephone number
of the poison control center in case of accident. (Missouri – 800-366-8888,
Kansas – 800-332-6633)
In
the interest of safety, I suggest you keep this list posted
in a predominate place in your gardening area or books.
-
|
Chart
#1 |
Handouts |
Chart
#2 |
|
Each
of these Charts are thumb nailed. Clicking
on the thumb nail will link you to the larger
picture. You may then "Save As" the
Chart. |
|
Although
a lot of the information in these two Charts
are available, they are incomplete.
For a more extensive chart, please contact the
original presenter of this Program, requesting
the chart information - Rita Gormley GormleyGreenery@aol.com |
I.
INTRODUCTION
(What I’m going to tell you)
General
Garden Health – Make your garden inhospitable
to pest and disease, hospital to you, pets, neighbors
and the environment.
Garden Chemical – Uses,
Abuses, Safety, locating information
Alternatives
to Chemicals, IPM and Do-it yourself suggestions
A Wealth
of Information – Bibliography
II.
GARDEN HEALTH
(How does your garden grow? What can you do about it?)
Handout – GARDEN
HEALTH – (see section/page entitled "Garden
Health")
Your
gardening style- meticulous/relaxed, efficient, economical?
Identify
your real problems! There are 10,000 insects, 1,500
plant diseases, 600 weeds. One of the most important
things to know is what you are trying to kill/cure.
It is important to determine the cause of the problem.
III.
GARDEN CHEMICAL USES, ABUSES & SAFETY
(You have to be knowledgeable and careful)
Handout – GARDEN
CHEMICAL SAFETY – (see section/page entitled "Garden
Chemical Safety")
Type
of Chemicals
Pesticides –
means killer of pests. In the USA, there are over 17,000
registered pesticide products and over 800 related
active ingredients. Insecticide, Pesticide, Fungicide,
Herbicide, Miticide.
Fertilizers With
chemicals and fertilizers, food production per farmer
has gone from 3 people in 1776, 73 in 1970, 121 in
1995. Any chemical can do harm. Being organic doesn’t
mean it doesn’t have potential for harm. Key
is amount the body is exposed to chemical and
for what duration of time. That you can easily
purchase a pesticide does not mean it is safe.
C.
Fundamentals for the Use of Garden Chemicals – EPA
sets the standards.
Read
the label BEFORE use. (See D. "Explanation of
EPA Labels")
Use
chemicals ONLY for the recommended application.
Use ONLY the recommended amount.
Use caution while handling chemicals.
Keep chemicals in original container and out of the reach
of kids and pets.
Return to Top of Page
D.
Explanation of EPA Labels
All labels MUST have: (see sample provided here)
(Note
to Presenter of this Program: Take EMPTY container samples
of common Household Products with EPA labels – CLOROX
CLEAN-UP, OFF DEEP-WOODS INSECT REPELLENT V, etc. to demonstrate.)
Product
Name
WARNING: Signal Words – Caution, Warning, Danger,
Danger-Poison
Directions for Use- what product does, when, where and how much to use
First Aid – Statement of Practical Treatment
Active Ingredients
Warranty Statement
Net Weight/Net Contents Statement
Manufacturers Name and Address
EPA Registration Number
EPA Establishment number – where final phase of production
took place
Directions for Use
Precautionary Statements-Hazards to people and pets and precautionary
actions
Environmental Hazards – fish, wildlife, dangers and
how to avoid
Hazards of corrosively, flammability, etc.
Storage of Product and Disposal of unused product and container
Some labels are short, others lengthy depending on their
use.
E.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF TOXICITY – Just How Toxic is
this Stuff? It is important to remember that many pesticides
are toxic.
TOXICITY
CHART BASED ON EPA STANDARDS |
CATEGORIES |
SIGNAL
WORD- HAZARD |
ORAL
LETHAL DOSE
IN 150 LB. Man (70 KG) |
| I. Highly
Toxic |
DANGER
- irreversible eye or skin damage.
POISON OR SKULL OR CROSSBONES |
0-50
mg/kg
7 drops |
| 2. Moderately
Toxic |
WARNING |
50-500
mg/kg
1 tsp to 1 oz |
| 3. Slightly
Toxic |
CAUTION |
500-5000
mg/kg
1 oz to 1 pint |
| 4. Not
Acutely Toxic |
None/CAUTION |
5000
mg/kg
1 pint |
Return
to Top of Page
A. Pesticide
Example in Selected Categories (refer to Toxicity
Chart)
Category
I (* indicates potential for irreversible eye or
skin damage) Orthenex*, Vendex*, Isotox*, Mavrik 2E*,
Captan (only the dust or powder)*, Triforin EC*, Lime
Sulfur*, Copper Sulfate* (if it contains 99% copper sulfate)
Category
II
Cygon 2E, Daconil 2787, Diazinon 25%, Metalaxyl, Rubigan,
Permethrin, Nicotine
Category
III
Avid, Carbaryl, Mavrik Aqua Flow, Captan 50W, Maneb,
Mancozeb, Rubigan, Sentinel, Pyrethris (organic), Acephate
(Orthene), Malathion
Category
IV
Benomyl, Copper Sulfate solution, Diatomaceous Earth, Sulfur,
Neem oil, Safer Soap
B. Dangers
of Pesticides –
all pesticides are toxic but not necessarily a hazard.
Toxicity is
how toxic it is to animals – using the LD50 the greater
the toxicity. For example, the LD50 of Diazinon is 350
mg/kg; the LD50 of Malathion is 2100 mg/kg. Diazinon has
greater oral toxicity. It takes six times as much Malathion
as Diazinon to kill you. Column 3 (of the Toxicity Chart)
shows LD50 for man/oral. There are other EPA measures including
oral/dermal, animals/birds/fish.
Hazard – toxicity
and chance of toxic exposure-risk of poisoning/eye-skin
damage.
Persistence –
how long it lasts. Pesticide persistence is often expressed
in terms of half-life. This is the time required for
one-half the original quantity to break down. Pesticides
are divided based on half-lives: non persistent – less
than 30 days; moderately persistent – 30
to 100 days; and persistent –
greater than 100 days.
Return
to Top of Page
IV.
ALTERNATIVE TO CHEMICALS
(So what do you do instead?)
INTEGRATED
PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) is a term that is gaining popularity.
This does not preclude using sprays although a spray is
chosen with minimal impact outside of the knocking down
a specific pest. It is a temporary solution. Repeated spraying
is proof that the garden’s ecology is still imbalanced.
Success with integrated pest management is based upon getting
to know your garden, both the flowers and the other living
things in it. Introducing a natural predator in your garden
is often a permanent solution to a pest problem. It is
also important to provide a suitable environment for the
predators in your garden and to attract new ones. Many
insect predators need an alternate food source, such as
tiny flowers rich in nectar. Pest control materials are
selected and applied in a manner that minimizes risks to
human health, beneficial and non-target organisms, and
the environment. Integrated Pest Management works best
when you look at your garden as small ecosystem. After
the planting is completed, your job is merely to help nature
maintain a healthy balance. And often that is best done
by leaving things to nature.
The
National Integrated Pest Management Network (NIPMN) is
the result of a federal-state extension partnership dedicated
to making the latest and most accurate pest management
information available on the World Wide Web. Participating
institutions have agreed to a set of standards that ensure
science-based, unbiased pest management information.
|
To
reduce the pesticide load in the environment
|
|
To
increase the predictability and thereby the effectiveness
of pest control techniques
|
|
To
develop pest control programs that are economically,
environmentally, and socially acceptable
|
|
To
marshal agencies and disciplines into integrated
pest management programs
|
|
To
increase utilization of natural pest controls
|
Four Points
of IPM:
|
Prevention
of pest populations
|
|
Application
of pesticides only "as needed"
|
|
Selecting
the least hazardous pesticides effective for control
of targeted pests.
|
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Precision
targeting of pesticides
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Return
to
Top of Page
What does "integrated" mean? The
use of two or more pest management techniques (Inspection,
Identification, Sanitation, Cultural, Mechanical, Biological
and/or Pesticides) to achieve established pest management
objectives. These are divided into three (3) groups – Nontoxic
controls, Less-toxic controls, and Most-toxic controls.
Nontoxic
Controls
|
Change
cultural conditions: light, water, soil pH and fertility,
or mulch.
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|
Correct
nutrient deficiencies or excesses.
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|
Adjust
maintenance: remove or mow weeds, avoid leaving plants
wet after sundown, prune to increase air circulation.
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|
Tolerate
some leaf damage, often up to 20 to 30 percent, and
allow plants to recover naturally over time.
|
|
Be
careful with garden hygiene: remove and dispose of
diseased or infested plants or plant parts; clean
up and compost garden debris in the fall.
|
|
Use
physical controls, such as traps, barriers, detection
tools, and removal of pests by hand or with water
spray.
|
|
Try
biological controls (organisms that limit pests):
natural predators, parasites, nematodes, fungi, bacteria,
and beneficial viruses. Avoid using chemicals that
kill such organisms.
|
Less-toxic
Controls
|
Use
controls that target specific taxonomic groups, eating
habits, or life stages: insecticidal soaps, horticultural
oils, pheromones, and growth-regulating natural substances
such as neem oil.
|
|
Select
target-specific synthetic pesticides: insecticides,
fungicides, herbicides, and bactericides. These often
must be applied at a specific point in the life cycle
of the pest or disease.
|
|
Use
systemic and pre-emergent synthetic chemicals (substances
that can suppress problems before they emerge).
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Most-toxic
Controls
|
As
a last resort, consider using broad-spectrum chemical
poisons. These, however, kill organisms indiscriminately
upon contact and can cause harm to the environment
or to you and others. Thus, they should be used with
extreme care. Chemical and botanical (tobacco, pyrethrum,
hellebore, camphor, limonene-citrus, neem tree, rotenone-legume,
soaps)
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Return
to Top of Page
Methods stress
cultural, mechanical and biological controls with strict
avoidance or limited use of insecticides, fungicides or
herbicides unless naturally occurring or derived from natural
sources.
Cultural -
cultivating and weeding disrupts weeds, buries insects
or exposes them to adverse weather. Crop rotation, intelligent
use of fertilizers and water can promote healthy plants,
enhancing ability to resist disease. Interplanting with
certain other plants may decrease certain insects. Plant
disease resistant varieties and patronize hybridizers who
do not "baby" their introductions.
Mechanical – hand
weeding, mulching for weeds, slug traps
Biological – predators
like praying mantis, ladybugs, (leave when food supply
is gone)
V: CONCLUSION
(What I just told you)
General
Garden Health
– Make your garden inhospitable to pest and disease,
hospitable to you, pets, neighbors, and the environment
Garden
Chemicals –
Uses, Abuses, Safety, Locating Information
Alternatives
to Pesticides, IPM and Do-it-yourself suggestions
A
Wealth of Information
– Bibliography
Other
Notes to the Presenters of this Program
During
the research for this program, I read more carefully all
of my favorite books on Irises, looking for citations to
increase my knowledge on pests/diseases and chemicals.
I purchased one book that is truly a gem of an addition
to my library of gardening and its associated pitfalls COMPLETE
GUIDE TO PEST CONTROL – WITH AND WITHOUT CHEMICALS (Third
Edition 1996) by George W. Ware from which I extracted
some of the information in the chart I have prepared for
this presentation. I also e-mailed many commercial growers
that I respect to ask for assistance. I have copied portions
of much e-mail on Iris-talk, the Internet list for Iris
fanciers. I have amassed a wealth of articles, listed in
the Bibliography along with general informational resources
on growing/culture/garden chemicals. I urge you to read
them. If you have a favorite resource that I did not use,
please let me know as I hope this program will span a wide
range of experience and knowledge.
While
doing the charts, I gathered some of the information from
the EPA records (which may or may not be up-to-date). Some
of the Standards that went to effect in 1996 are just now
being implemented and others are scheduled for effective
dates in the near-future so the HAZARD designation of chemicals
is current to the best of my knowledge. The Hazardous
for MY use were not included in the charts. Organic/natural
ingredients are not necessarily better/effective but I
believe in IPM and doing all the "least chemical method" as
the first solution to pests and diseases.
There
are 893 active AI’s
There
are 11633 active products
In
other words, use your own judgment but I hope this information
makes you able to judge better!
Books:
Ware,George
W. Complete Guide to Pest Control – With and Without
Chemicals. Third Edition. 1996. Available from Thomson
Publications, P.O. Box 9335, Fresno, CA 93791 www.agbook.com $29.95
Warburton,
Bee, Ed. The World of Irises. Wichita, KS: The American
Iris Society, Third Printing, 1995.
Lawton,
Barbara Perry Magic of Irises. Golden, CO: Fulcrum
Publishing. 1998. The Philosophy of Plant Health Care,
pages 143-147. Insect Pests of Irises, pages 148-159, and
Bacterial, fungal and Viral Diseases, pages 160-168.
Shear,
William The Gardner’s Iris Book. Newtown,
CT: The Taunton Press, Inc. 1998
Pests & Diseases. Time-Life
Books. Alexandria, VA. 1995
Input
from knowledgeable people:
"Crop
Protection Chemicals Reference, Chemical and Pharmaceutical
Press." 2001. 17th Edition Crop Protection
Reference or our New Electronic CD-ROM Products: E-Mail: cpp@cppress.com,
Order at http://www.cppress.com/html/books/booksfrm.html (expensive!)
Weed
Control Guide for Missouri Field Crops. A U of MO
Extension Publication #MP575. Agronomy Guide MFA
Agri-Service. A yearly publication of MFA’s products
for crops and general gardens. Ask for it at a local MFA.
It is an excellent reference and free.
Articles/pamphlets:
Articles
by Terry Aitken
AIS Bulletin, April, 2001; page 57
AIS Bulletin, April, 2000; page 82
AIS Bulletin, April, 1999; page 48
Fine
Gardening. August 2001. Page 7- Poison Free Insecticidal
Soap. Page 24 – grub article with chemicals to
control. Page 48 – Say Goodbye to Weed Worries.
Page 50 – choose controls that are effective and
safe, etc.
Article
by Rick Tasco
– Growing Techniques – AIS Bulletin, July,
1999; pages 31-32
Taunton
Press Kitchen Gardener #26, pp. 12-16. April/May,
2000. Attracting Beneficial Bugs by Joe Queirolo
Taunton
Press Fine Gardening #73, pp. 61-63. May/June, 2000.
An Integrated Approach to Pest Control by Richard Devine
Taunton
Press Kitchen Gardener #29, pp. 16-19. October/November,
2000. Brewing Compost Tea by Elaine R. Ingram
CITIZEN’S
GUIDE TO PEST CONTROL AND PESTICIDE SAFETY. EPA730-K-95-001.
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Perdue
Pesticide Programs, Perdue University Cooperative Extension
Service, West Lafayette, IN 47907 http://www.btny.purdue.edu/PPP/PPP_pubs.html PPP-29
PESTICIDES AND THE HOME, LAWN AND GARDEN
Internet
Searchable Sites:
"iris-talk" E-Mail
List ("iris-talk" is the largest discussion
group and is open to anyone wishing to discuss just about
anything relating to any type of iris. There are over
five hundred subscribers worldwide, though most are from
the USA. Many are members of the AIS, but non-members
are welcome and encouraged to join as well. The list
is hosted by Yahoo!Groups. Information on joining the iris-talk list
can be found at: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/iris-talk
Beyond
Pesticides – Safety Source for Pest Management
Beyond
Pesticides provides the public with useful
information on pesticides and alternatives to their
use. Chemical Factsheets, publications, legislation
updates and news are provided. http://www.beyondpesticides.org
C&P
Press, Inc. (Chemical and Pharmaceutical Press). Pesticide
Labels & MSDS, searchable by Product name or manufacturer. http://www.greenbook.net/free.asp
California
EPS-Department of Pesticide Regulation. http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/label/m4.htm
MadSciNet. The
24-hour exploding laboratory. http://www.madsci.org/
Pesticide
Action Network - Pesticide Database. http://data.pesticideinfo.org/
Internet – Integrated
Pesticide Management
EXTOXNET – Extension
Toxicology Network – Pesticide Information Profiles, Pesticide
Information Project of Cooperative Extension Offices
of Cornell University, Oregon State University, the University
of Idaho, the University of California at Davis and the
Institute for Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State
University. EXTOXNET primary files maintained
and archived at Oregon State University. http://www.ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet/
This
is the format:
EXTOXNET – Extension
Toxicology Network – Pesticide Information Profiles
ACTIVE
INGREDIENT
TRADE
OR OTHER NAMES: …
is found in a variety of commercial insecticides. The products … all
contain
… as the active ingredient
REGULATORY
STATUS: …
is a General Use Pesticide, and is classified by EPA as both
a toxicity class II and class III agent, and must be labeled
with the signal work "Warning" or "Caution"
INTRODUCTION: …
is a systemic, … insecticide with soil, seed and foliar
uses for the control of sucking insects including rice hoppers,
aphids, thrips, whiteflies, termites, turf insects, soil
insects and some beetles. It is most commonly used … The
chemical works by …. Are available as dustable powder,
granular, seed dressing, soluble concentrate, suspension
concentrate, and wettable powder. Typical application rates …..
TOXICOLOGICAL
EFFECTS:
|
Acute
Toxicity: … is moderately toxic
|
|
Signs
and Symptoms of Poisoning: Although no account
of human poisoning was found in the literature,
signs and symptoms of poisoning would be expected
to be similar to nicotinic signs and symptoms,
including fatigue, twitching, cramps, and muscle
weakness including the muscles necessary for breathing
(330).
|
|
Chronic
Toxicity: A 2-year feeding study in rats fed
up to 1,800 ppm resulted in a No Observable Effect
Level (NOEL) of 100 ppm
|
|
Reproductive
Effects:
|
|
Teratogenic
Effects:
|
|
Mutagenic
Effects:… may be weakly mutagenic
|
|
Carcinogenic
Effects: … is considered to be of minimal
carcinogenic risk, and is thus categorized by EPA
as a "Group E"
|
|
Organ
Toxicity:
|
|
Fate
in Humans and Animals: … is quickly
and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal
tract, and eliminated via urine and
|
ECOLOGICAL
EFFECTS
|
Effects
on Birds: … is toxic to upland game
birds. It was concluded that the risk of dietary
exposure to birds via treated seeds was minimal.
|
|
Effects
on Aquatic Organisms: … The toxicity
of … to fish is moderately low. Products
containing … may be very toxic to aquatic
invertebrates.
|
|
Effects
on Other Animals (Nontarget species): … is
highly toxic to bees if used as a foliar application,
especially during flowering, but is not considered
a hazard to bees when used as a seed treatment
(1).
|
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
|
Breakdown
of Chemical in Soil and Groundwater: The half-life
of …. in soil is … days, depending
on the among of ground cover (it breaks down faster
in soils with plant ground cover than in fallow
soils)
|
|
Breakdown
of Chemical in Surface Water:
|
|
Breakdown
of Chemical in Vegetation:
|
|
Analytic
Methods:
|
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
AND GUIDELINES
|
Appearance:
|
|
Chemical
Name:
|
|
CAS
Number:
|
|
Molecular
Weight:
|
|
Water
Solubility:
|
|
Solubility
in Other Solvents:
|
|
Melting
Point:
|
|
Vapor
Pressure:
|
|
Partition
Coefficient:
|
|
Adsorption
Coefficient:
|
|
Exposure
Guidelines
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ADI:
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MCL:
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RfD
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PEL:
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HA:
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TLV:
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BASIC MANUFACTURER
REFERENCES
References for the information in this PIP can be found in
Reference List Number 10
DISCLAIMER: The
information in this profile does not in any way replace
or supersede the information on the pesticide product
label/ing or other regulatory requirements. Please refer
to the pesticide product label/ing.
Other
Valuable Information:
Regional
Poison Center
Cardinal Glennon Children’s Hospital
1465 S. Grand Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63104
Emergency Phone(s): 800-366-8888; 314-772-5200
Administrative Phone: 314-772-8300
E-mail: mthompson@ssmhcs.com
Mid-American
Poison Control Center
University of Kansas Medical Center
3901 Rainbow Blvd., Room B-400, Kansas City, KS 66160-7231
Emergency Phone 800-332-6633 (KS only); 913-588-6633; 913-588-6639
(TDD)
Administrative Phone: 913-588-6638
E-mail: tkay@kumc.edu or loller@kumc.edu
State
of Missouri, Department of Agriculture, http://www.mda.state.mo.us
Product Information – Pesticide Database Searches http://www.kellysolutions.com/MO/showproduct/info.asp |
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